Claude Code 精通指南 第7篇：MCP 服务器

Claude Code ←→ MCP 服务器 ←→ 外部服务
                   │
            (处理认证、
             数据格式化、
             速率限制)

.mcp.json                    # 版本控制，与团队共享
.claude/settings.local.json  # 本地覆盖，gitignore

~/.claude/settings.json      # 所有项目通用
~/.claude/settings.local.json # 个人覆盖

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "server-name": {
      "command": "npx",
      "args": ["-y", "@package/mcp-server"],
      "env": {
        "API_KEY": "${MY_API_KEY}"
      }
    }
  }
}

# 检查服务器状态
/mcp

# 输出：
# MCP Server Status
# • github: connected
# • postgres: connected
# • context7: failed (connection timeout)

# 添加服务器
claude mcp add github --scope user

# 列出已配置的服务器
claude mcp list

# 查看服务器配置
claude mcp get github

# 移除服务器
claude mcp remove github

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "github": {
      "command": "npx",
      "args": ["-y", "@modelcontextprotocol/server-github"],
      "env": {
        "GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN": "${GITHUB_TOKEN}"
      }
    }
  }
}

"审查我们仓库中的未关闭 PR，总结哪些已经可以合并了"

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "postgres": {
      "command": "npx",
      "args": ["-y", "@modelcontextprotocol/server-postgres"],
      "env": {
        "DATABASE_URL": "${DATABASE_URL}",
        "READ_ONLY": "true"
      }
    }
  }
}

"查找所有一月份注册但还没有购买记录的用户"

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "context7": {
      "command": "npx",
      "args": ["-y", "@context7/mcp-server"]
    }
  }
}

"使用 context7 查找 React Query 的 useInfiniteQuery hook 的正确 API"

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "filesystem": {
      "command": "npx",
      "args": ["-y", "@modelcontextprotocol/server-filesystem", "/Users/me/projects"]
    }
  }
}

"检查我的 dotfiles 仓库里 ESLint 是怎么配置的"

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "supabase": {
      "command": "npx",
      "args": ["-y", "@supabase/mcp-server"],
      "env": {
        "SUPABASE_URL": "${SUPABASE_URL}",
        "SUPABASE_SERVICE_KEY": "${SUPABASE_SERVICE_KEY}"
      }
    }
  }
}

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "fetch": {
      "command": "npx",
      "args": ["-y", "@modelcontextprotocol/server-fetch"]
    }
  }
}

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "playwright": {
      "command": "npx",
      "args": ["-y", "@anthropic/mcp-server-playwright"]
    }
  }
}

"使用 Playwright 导航到我们的预发布环境，检查登录表单是否正常工作"

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "github": {
      "command": "npx",
      "args": ["-y", "@modelcontextprotocol/server-github"],
      "env": {
        "GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN": "${GITHUB_TOKEN}"
      }
    },
    "postgres": {
      "command": "npx",
      "args": ["-y", "@modelcontextprotocol/server-postgres"],
      "env": {
        "DATABASE_URL": "${DATABASE_URL}",
        "READ_ONLY": "true"
      }
    },
    "context7": {
      "command": "npx",
      "args": ["-y", "@context7/mcp-server"]
    }
  }
}

你："给我看 orders 表的 Schema"

Claude：[通过 postgres MCP 查询]
orders 表包含：
- id (uuid, 主键)
- user_id (uuid, 外键 → users)
- total_amount (decimal)
- status (枚举: pending, paid, shipped, delivered)
- created_at (timestamp)

你："查找金额超过 $500 且状态仍为 pending 的订单"

Claude：[执行查询]
找到 23 条匹配记录。最早的一条是 3 天前的...

你："为我们讨论的 bug 创建一个 GitHub Issue，指派给我"

Claude：[使用 github MCP]
已创建 Issue #234: "Fix race condition in order processing"
- 添加标签: bug, priority-high
- 指派给: @yourusername
- 关联了最近提及 orders 表的提交

你："使用 context7 查找 TanStack Query v5 中处理乐观更新的正确方式"

Claude：[通过 context7 获取最新文档]
在 TanStack Query v5 中，乐观更新使用 onMutate 回调...
[提供准确的、特定版本的指导]

{
  "command": "cmd",
  "args": ["/c", "npx", "-y", "@modelcontextprotocol/server-github"]
}

{
  "env": {
    "READ_ONLY": "true",
    "ALLOWED_PATHS": "/specific/directory"
  }
}

{
  "env": {
    "GITHUB_TOKEN": "${GITHUB_TOKEN}"
  }
}